Arab Wall

The first wall of Madrid was built during the reign of Emirate Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman, between 850 and 866, and was reinforced in the 10th century by Caliph Abd al-Rahman III. The wall's ashlars were made of flint and limestone, and were arranged around square towers with escarpments, posterns, and possibly battlements. It enclosed an urban area of approximately 4 hectares, comprising the Alcázar and the Almudaina, and access was through the Vega Gate (to the west), the Santa María Gate (to the east), and the Sagra Gate (to the north). Despite being declared a National Monument in 1954, it has suffered considerable damage on several occasions. Its most representative remains can be seen in the Emir Mohamed I Park, near the Cuesta de la Vega, next to the Crypt of the Almudena Cathedral, where a section of more than 120 meters in length is preserved, featuring several square towers.